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| Zhang, Xiaobo; Tan, Kong-Yam. |
| A key objective of China's reform program was to reduce distortions in the economic system and enhance growth. However, when implemented in incremental and partial ways, local governments or individuals have chance to capture rents inherent in the reform process. Young (2000) warned that the rent-seeking behavior might lead to increasing market fragmentation. Empirical studies have since shown that this did not happen in the product markets. In this paper we argue that as rents from the product markets were squeezed out during the reform process, rent-seeking behavior shifted to the factor markets, especially the capital and land markets. The reform process now needs to be deepened to ensure that the factor markets also become more integrated and efficient. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Reform; China; Rent Seeking; Factor and Product Market; Transition; International Development; D33; D61; D63; O11; O53; P23. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60183 |
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| Konduru, Srinivasa; Bjornson, Bruce. |
| A concern in the political economy is how national income is shared between labor and capital. This study evaluates long-term changes in factor income shares in three agri-food industries, their attribution to the level of factor usage or to factor compensation rates, and relation to changes in capital intensity and factor productivity. We find long-term stability in the profit and labor shares of farm income, decline, in the profit share of agricultural serviced industry income, and increase in the profit share of food manufacturing income due to fewer productivity improvements being passed on to wage increases. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Factor shares; Food; GDP; National income; D33; E25; L66. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43474 |
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| Fritzsch, Jana; Buchenrieder, Gertrud; Mollers, Judith. |
| A fuzzy logic model for quantifying farm households’ potential for non-farm income diversification is developed and applied to 1,077 farm households in Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Slovenia. About three quarters of households have a diversification potential, but not all households use it. An analysis of diversification potential and diversification behaviour shows that there are seven household types in the sample. Not all development options, i.e. farm development, farm exit, or starting non-farm employment, are equally suitable for all households thus fine targeting of policy measures according to the household type could be important for policy makers. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Rural development; Non-farm rural employment diversification; Fuzzy logic; Transition countries; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C65; D33; J24; Q12. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95321 |
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| Ochsen, Carsten; Welsch, Heinz. |
| This paper examines the determinants of functional income distribution in West Germany. The approach is to estimate a complete system of factor share equations for low-skilled labor, high-skilled labor, capital, energy, and materials, taking account of biased technological progress and increasing trade-orientation. Technological progress is found to reduce the share of low-skilled labor and to raise the share of high-skilled labor. The effect of technology bias on the two labor shares is enhanced by substitution of intermediate inputs for lowskilled labor, which is almost absent in the case of high-skilled labor. Trade-induced changes in the composition of aggregate output tend to mitigate these effects, due to the relatively favorable export performance... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Income shares; Factor substitution; Technological progress; Trade; D33; F16; O30. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37135 |
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